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Sandy Isenstadt

Professor and Chair
History of Modern Architecture
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
University of Delaware
318A Old College
Newark, DE 19716
302-831-8105
302-831-8020
 

Biography

Professor Sandy Isenstadt teaches the history of modern architecture, concentrating on developments in Europe and the United States, but including as well courses on the global spread of modernism. His writings span post-World War II reformulations of modernism by émigré architects such as Richard Neutra, Josep Lluis Sert, and Henry Klumb; visual polemics in the urban proposals of Leon Krier and Rem Koolhaas; and histories of refrigerators, picture windows, landscape views, electrification and urban lighting, the history of shopping, consumer design and marketing, real estate appraisal, and the work of various modern and contemporary architects.

His most recent book, Electric Light: An Architectural History (MIT Press, 2018) is the first sustained examination of the architectural spaces generated by the introduction of electric lighting. Earlier books include: The Modern American House: Spaciousness and Middle-Class Identity (Cambridge University Press, 2006), which won the Spiro Kostof Award from the Society of Architectural Historians for interdisciplinary studies of urban history, describes the visual enhancement of spaciousness in the architectural, interior, and landscape design of American domestic architecture; Modernism and the Middle East. Politics of the Built Environment, a set of edited essays published in 2008 by the University of Washington Press, is the first book-length treatment of modern architecture in the Middle East. Current projects include two co-edited books that look at the material culture of archives and modeling, a study of the ways in which marble became a modern material, and a history of the visual culture of American civil defense.

His work has been recognized with fellowships from the Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton, New Jersey, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts, and the Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, in Washington, D.C. Before teaching architecture, he practiced architecture in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Elusive Archives: Material Culture in Formationhttps://www.arthistory.udel.edu/Arth Bookshelf/Elusive-Archives-Cover-201x300.jpgElusive Archives: Material Culture in FormationIsenstadt, Sandy Martin BrücknerUniversity of Delaware PressNewark, DE2021https://udpress.udel.edu/book-title/elusive-archives/<p>​Taking cues from a wide variety of objects and their unusual circumstances, the essays that comprise Elusive Archives raise a common question: how do we study material culture when the objects of study are transient, evanescent, dispersed, or subjective, and as ethereal as distant memories? Such things would resist descriptive conventions and definitive value, scholarly or otherwise. Certainly, they would fall outside the taxonomic protocols that institutions, such as museums and archives, rely on to channel their acquisitions into meaningful collections.<br></p><p>What holds these disparate things together here are the questions the authors in this volume ask of them. Placed into relief through carefully calibrated inquiry, objects that appear incongruent, inscrutable, or otherwise indistinct suddenly cohere. Simply put, each essay in its own way creates by means of its method a provisional collection of things, an elusive archive. Scattered matter then becomes fixed, however momentarily, within each author’s analytical framework rather than within the walls of an archive’s reading room or arrayed in so many cases along a museum corridor.</p><p>With contingency itself underpinning them, the essays reverse the usual direction of scholarly inquiry by following the ways in which objects may be identified, gathered, arranged, conceptualized, and even displayed rather than by “discovering” artifacts in an ordered archive and then asking how they came to be there. The authors’ prevailing focus on ephemerality rather than durability and preservation comes together to create a material culture vista outside the traditional bounds of learning about the past.</p><p>Given the diversity of objects under study here and their innumerable sites of discovery, the essays themselves are varied not only in their subject matter but also in their narrative format and conceptual reach. As such, Elusive Archives offers readers numerous points of entry, making it easy to navigate for a quick reference or, if read straight through, building bit by bit toward a new approach to thinking about how material culture challenges the way we write history today.<br></p>
Modelwork: The Material Culture of Making and Knowinghttps://www.arthistory.udel.edu/Arth Bookshelf/modelwork.jpgModelwork: The Material Culture of Making and KnowingIsenstadt, SandyMartin Brückner. Sarah WassermanUniversity of Minnesota PressMinnesota2021https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/modelwork<p><strong>​How making models allows us to recall what was and to discover what still might be</strong></p><p><strong></strong>In this wide-ranging volume, scholars from diverse fields examine the interrelationships between a model’s material foundations and the otherwise invisible things it gestures toward, underscoring the pivotal role of models in understanding and shaping the world around us. Whether in the form of reproductions, interpretive processes, or constitutive tools, models may bridge the gap between the tangible and the abstract.</p>
Electric Light: An Architectural Historyhttps://www.arthistory.udel.edu/Arth Bookshelf/isenstadt-electric-light.jpgElectric Light: An Architectural HistoryIsenstadt, SandyMIT PressCambridge, MA2018http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/electric-light<p>In this book, Sandy Isenstadt examines electric light as a form of architecture--as a new, uniquely modern kind of building material. Electric light was more than just a novel way of brightening a room or illuminating a streetscape; it brought with it new ways of perceiving and experiencing space itself. If modernity can be characterized by rapid, incessant change, and modernism as the creative response to such change, Isenstadt argues, then electricity--instantaneous, malleable, ubiquitous, evanescent--is modernity's medium. Isenstadt shows how the introduction of electric lighting at the end of the nineteenth century created new architectural spaces that altered and sometimes eclipsed previously existing spaces. He constructs an architectural history of these new spaces through five examples, ranging from the tangible miracle of the light switch to the immaterial and borderless gloom of the wartime blackout. He describes what it means when an ordinary person can play God by flipping a switch; when the roving cone of automobile headlights places driver and passenger at the vertex of a luminous cavity; when lighting in factories is seen to enhance productivity; when Times Square became an emblem of illuminated commercial speech; and when the absence of electric light in a blackout produced a new type of space. In this book, the first sustained examination of the spatial effects of electric lighting, Isenstadt reconceives modernism in architecture to account for the new perceptual conditions and visual habits that followed widespread electrification.<br></p>
Cities of Light: Two Centuries of Urban Illuminationhttps://www.arthistory.udel.edu/Arth Bookshelf/isenstadt-cities-light.jpgCities of Light: Two Centuries of Urban IlluminationIsenstadt, SandyMargaret Maile Petty, and Dietrich Neumann, eds.RoutledgeNew York2015https://www.routledge.com/Cities-of-Light-Two-Centuries-of-Urban-Illumination/Isenstadt-Maile-Petty-Neumann/p/book/9781138813922<p> <em>Cities of Light</em> is the first global overview of modern urban illumination, a development that allows human wakefulness to colonize the night, doubling the hours available for purposeful and industrious activities. Urban lighting is undergoing a revolution due to recent developments in lighting technology, and increased focus on sustainability and human-scaled environments. <em>Cities of Light </em>is expansive in coverage, spanning two centuries and touching on developments on six continents, without diluting its central focus on architectural and urban lighting. Covering history, geography, theory, and speculation in urban lighting, readers will have numerous points of entry into the book, finding it easy to navigate for a quick reference and or a coherent narrative if read straight through. With chapters written by respected scholars and highly-regarded contemporary practitioners, this book will delight students and practitioners of architectural and urban history, area and cultural studies, and lighting design professionals and the institutional and municipal authorities they serve.<br></p>
The Modern American House: Spaciousness and Middle-Class Identityhttps://www.arthistory.udel.edu/Arth Bookshelf/isenstadt-american-house.jpgThe Modern American House: Spaciousness and Middle-Class IdentityIsenstadt, SandyCambridge University PressCambridge2014http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/arts-theatre-culture/architecture/modern-american-house-spaciousness-and-middle-class-identity<p>Sandy Isenstadt examines how architects, interior designers, and landscape designers worked to enhance spatial perception in middle class houses visually. The desire for spaciousness reached its highest pitch where it was most lacking, in the small, single-family houses that came to be the cornerstone of middle class life in the nineteenth century. In direct conflict with actual dimensions, spaciousness was linked to a tension unique to the middle class - between spatial aspirations and financial limitations. Although rarely addressed in a sustained fashion by theorists, practitioners, or the inhabitants of houses themselves, Isenstadt argues that spaciousness was central to the development of modern American domestic architecture, with explicit strategies for perceiving space being pivotal to modern house design. Through professional endorsement, concern for visual space found its way into discussion of real estate and law.<br></p>
Modernism and the Middle East: Architecture and Politics in the Twentieth Centuryhttps://www.arthistory.udel.edu/Arth Bookshelf/isenstadt-middle-east.jpgModernism and the Middle East: Architecture and Politics in the Twentieth CenturyIsenstadt, Sandyand Kishwar Rizvi, eds.University of Washington PressSeattle2008https://uwapress.uw.edu/book/9780295987941/modernism-and-the-middle-east/<p>This provocative collection of essays is the first book-length treatment of the development of modern architecture in the Middle East. Ranging from Jerusalem at the turn of the twentieth century to Libya under Italian colonial rule, postwar Turkey, and on to present-day Iraq, the essays cohere around the historical encounter between the politics of nation-building and architectural modernism's new materials, methods, and motives.<br></p><p>Architecture, as physical infrastructure and as symbolic expression, provides an exceptional window onto the powerful forces that shaped the modern Middle East and that continue to dominate it today. Experts in this volume demonstrate the political dimensions of both creating the built environment and, subsequently, inhabiting it. In revealing the tensions between achieving both international relevance and regional meaning, Modernism in the Middle East affords a dynamic view of the ongoing confrontations of deep traditions with rapid modernization. Political and cultural historians, as well as architects and urban planners, will find fresh material here on a range of diverse practices.<br></p>

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